Pressure is the first language it speaks. A line narrowing with corrosion, or leaking a share of its flow into the soil, starves the whole house at once — the shower weakens when a tap opens, the upstairs bathroom fades during laundry. Homeowners often blame the fixtures or the utility, but a simple test separates them: pressure and flow measured at the meter versus inside the house tells us whether the loss lives in the buried line, the house plumbing, or neither.
The second language is the yard. A leak in the run between meter and foundation waters one area faithfully — greener, softer, occasionally audible as a faint hiss through a listening rod on a quiet morning. And the third witness is, as always, the meter: steady movement with the house fully off means the water is leaving somewhere between the meter and your fixtures, and the buried stretch is the prime suspect.