Roots cause the largest share. The corridor’s mature maples and willows — Sterling Park’s canopy is sixty years deep — send roots hunting moisture, and a sewer joint is a permanent water source. Roots enter hair-thin, then mat, catch paper and grease, and eventually crack the joint wider. Clay and cast-iron laterals from the older neighbourhoods offer plenty of joints to exploit; even PVC lines fall to roots where a joint has shifted.
Age and ground do the rest. Cast iron corrodes and scales from inside until the channel narrows to a slot. Older clay sections crack and offset where soil settles — and soil along Broad Run’s low ground stays wet and migratory. Scale and corrosion narrow a line for years before the day a houseful of guests or a laundry marathon finally overwhelms it, which is why sewer failures so often seem to arrive at the worst possible gathering.